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B016679 - GENERAL AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
Main information
Teaching Language
Course Content
Suggested readings
Learning Objectives
Prerequisites
Teaching Methods
Further information
Type of Assessment
Course program
Academic Year 2014-15
Coorte 2013 - 5-years Single Cycle Degree in PHARMACY
Course year
Second year - Annualità singola
Belonging Department
Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)
Course Type
Single education field course
Scientific Area
BIO/10 - BIOCHEMISTRY
Credits
12
Teaching Hours
96
Teaching Term
06/10/2014 ⇒ 29/04/2016
Attendance required
Yes
Type of Evaluation
Final Grade
Course Content
show
Course program
show
Lectureship
- Last names A-L DEGL'INNOCENTI DONATELLA
- Last names A-L RAMAZZOTTI MATTEO
- Last names M-Z CIRRI PAOLO
Teaching Language - Last names A-L
italian
Teaching Language - Last names M-Z
Italian
Course Content - Last names A-L
Structure and function of proteins. Principles of thermodynamics. Kinetics and enzymatic catalysis. Structure and function of carbohydrates. Structure and function of lipids. Structure and function of nucleic acids. The metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Spectrophotometric techniques, immunochemical and chromatographic. Electrophoresis
Course Content - Last names M-Z
Structure and function of proteins. Principles of thermodynamics. Kinetic and enzymatic catalysis. Structure and function of carbohydrates. Structure and function of lipids. Structure and function of nucleic acids. The metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Spectrophotometric, immunochemical and chromatographic techniques. Electrophoresis.
Suggested readings - Last names A-L (Search our library's catalogue)
Nelson, Cox "I Principi di Biochimica di Lehninger". Zanichelli
Tettamanti "Biochimica Medica" Piccin Ed.
Stryer "Biochimica". Zanichelli
Tettamanti "Biochimica Medica" Piccin Ed.
Stryer "Biochimica". Zanichelli
Suggested readings - Last names M-Z (Search our library's catalogue)
Garrett & Grisham “Biochemistry”
Nelson, Cox “Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry”.
Nelson, Cox “Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry”.
Learning Objectives - Last names A-L
The course aims to train the student in relation to the general principles of Biochemistry and Biochemical Methodology. Then provides knowledge about the structure and function of biological macromolecules, methods and techniques used for their study, metabolism and on the principles of regulation. The course aims to train the student in relation to the general principles of Biochemistry and biochemical methodology. Then provides knowledge about the structure and function of biological macromolecules, methods and techniques used for their study, metabolism and on the principles of metabolic regulation.
Learning Objectives - Last names M-Z
The course aims to introduce the student to the principles of Biochemistry and applied Biochemistry, providing knowledge about the structure and function of biological macromolecules and the principles of metabolic regulation.
Prerequisites - Last names A-L
The course requires knowledge of general chemistry, organic chemistry and physiology and anatomy
Prerequisites - Last names M-Z
The course requires knowledge of general chemistry, organic chemistry and physiology.
Teaching Methods - Last names A-L
Lectures
Teaching Methods - Last names M-Z
Frontal lessons.
Further information - Last names M-Z
Office hours:
Tuesday from 14.30 to 16.30
Tuesday from 14.30 to 16.30
Type of Assessment - Last names A-L
The final exam consists of an oral examination designed to measure the knowledge of the matter.
Type of Assessment - Last names M-Z
Oral exsamination.
Course program - Last names A-L
Introduction
Recalls of organic chemistry. Chemical reactivity. Structure and chemical-physical characteristics of the water.
Principles of thermodynamics.
First and second law of thermodynamics. Free energy of a chemical reaction. Exo- and endoergonic reactions. Coupled reactions. Equilibrium constants and rate constants. Chemical kinetics. Collision theory. Transition state theory.
Amino acids and proteins
The aminoacids. The peptide bond. Primary and secondary structure of proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins: tertiary structure. Quaternary structure. Folding and stability of proteins.
Electrophoretic techniques: principles and applications. Isoelectric focusing. Two-dimensional electrophoresis.
Protein function: hemoglobin, immunoglobulins, enzymes
Cooperative binding and efficiency of oxygen transport. Bohr effect. Effect of 2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid. Fetal hemoglobin. Transport of carbon dioxide.
Structure and function of immunoglobulins. Immunoenzymatic techniques: RIA and ELISA assays, western blot, immunohistochemistry.
Principles of catalysis and enzyme kinetics
Factors affecting enzyme activity. Definition of the initial velocity. Michaelis-Menten equation. Meaning of the kinetic parameters KM, Vmax, kcat, kcat / KM. Principles of spectrophotometry and assay of enzymes. Examples of enzyme assays.
Classification of enzymes. Cofactors of enzymes: metal ions and coenzymes. Analysis of the kinetic data. Irreversible and reversible inhibitors. Allosteric enzymes. Characteristics and mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Examples of enzymatic catalysis. Ribonuclease, lysozyme, serine-proteases. Mechanisms of regulation of enzyme activity. Vitamins and coenzymes.
Carbohydrates
Classification: mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides. Chemical and physical properties. Outline of stereoisomerism. Amino sugars. Homo- and etero-polysaccharides. Glycosaminoglycans. Proteoglycans. Glycoproteins.
Lipids and biological membranes
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol.Lipids as intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules. Structure and function of biological membranes. The membrane transport (transporters, pumps and ion channels).
Nucleic acids and genetic information
Nucleosides and nucleotides. DNA: structure and properties. Genes and chromosomes. DNA replication. DNA damage and mutations. Structure and function of messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. The arabinose and tryptophan operons. RNA maturation. Genetic code. Ribosomes: structure and function. Amino acid activation. Protein biosynthesis. Post-translational modifications of proteins. Protein degradation.
Metabolism
General concepts. Energy conversion. Compounds with "energy-rich" bonds. Coupled reactions. Catabolism and anabolism.
Carbohydrate metabolism
General information on the metabolism of carbohydrates. Reactions and enzymes of glycolysis. Thermodynamics of glycolysis. Regulation of glycolysis: regulatory enzymes and their modulators. Lactic and alcoholic fermentation. Catabolism of hexoses other than glucose. Gluconeogenesis. Comparison between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The Cori cycle. Hormonal regulation. Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis. Pentose phosphate pathway reactions and regulation.
Terminal Metabolism
Shuttle systems. Pyruvate dehydrogenase. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle): reactions and regulation. Catabolic and biosynthetic role of the Krebs cycle. Connection between the Krebs cycle and other metabolic pathways. The glyoxylate cycle. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The complexes of the respiratory chain. Coupling between electron flow and oxidative phosphorylation: mechanism of ATP synthase. Mitochondrial transport systems.
Lipid metabolism
Digestion and transport of lipids of the diet. Plasma lipoproteins. Activation of fatty acids. The β-oxidation. Energy balance of the β-oxidation. Oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids of carbon atoms and of unsaturated fatty acids. Ketogenesis and ketone bodies. Fatty acid synthesis. Elongation and unsaturation of fatty acids. Hormonal regulation. Biosynthesis of triglycerides. Biosynthesis of membrane lipids: phospholipids, cholesterol.
Amino acid metabolism
Digestion and absorption of dietary protein. Turnover of intracellular proteins. protein catabolism. Catabolism of amino acids: deamination and transamination. The urea cycle: reactions, enzymes, cellular compartmentalization and regulation. Demolition of the carbon backbone of the amino acids: Aa glucogenic and ketogenic. Amino acids as precursors of biomolecules: biosynthesis of biogenic amines (adrenaline, histamine, GABA); biosynthesis of creatine; biosynthesis and function of glutathione; heme biosynthesis.
Nucleotide metabolism
Biosynthesis and regulation of pyrimidine nucleotides. Recovery of purine bases. Biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
Recalls of organic chemistry. Chemical reactivity. Structure and chemical-physical characteristics of the water.
Principles of thermodynamics.
First and second law of thermodynamics. Free energy of a chemical reaction. Exo- and endoergonic reactions. Coupled reactions. Equilibrium constants and rate constants. Chemical kinetics. Collision theory. Transition state theory.
Amino acids and proteins
The aminoacids. The peptide bond. Primary and secondary structure of proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins: tertiary structure. Quaternary structure. Folding and stability of proteins.
Electrophoretic techniques: principles and applications. Isoelectric focusing. Two-dimensional electrophoresis.
Protein function: hemoglobin, immunoglobulins, enzymes
Cooperative binding and efficiency of oxygen transport. Bohr effect. Effect of 2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid. Fetal hemoglobin. Transport of carbon dioxide.
Structure and function of immunoglobulins. Immunoenzymatic techniques: RIA and ELISA assays, western blot, immunohistochemistry.
Principles of catalysis and enzyme kinetics
Factors affecting enzyme activity. Definition of the initial velocity. Michaelis-Menten equation. Meaning of the kinetic parameters KM, Vmax, kcat, kcat / KM. Principles of spectrophotometry and assay of enzymes. Examples of enzyme assays.
Classification of enzymes. Cofactors of enzymes: metal ions and coenzymes. Analysis of the kinetic data. Irreversible and reversible inhibitors. Allosteric enzymes. Characteristics and mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Examples of enzymatic catalysis. Ribonuclease, lysozyme, serine-proteases. Mechanisms of regulation of enzyme activity. Vitamins and coenzymes.
Carbohydrates
Classification: mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides. Chemical and physical properties. Outline of stereoisomerism. Amino sugars. Homo- and etero-polysaccharides. Glycosaminoglycans. Proteoglycans. Glycoproteins.
Lipids and biological membranes
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol.Lipids as intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules. Structure and function of biological membranes. The membrane transport (transporters, pumps and ion channels).
Nucleic acids and genetic information
Nucleosides and nucleotides. DNA: structure and properties. Genes and chromosomes. DNA replication. DNA damage and mutations. Structure and function of messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. The arabinose and tryptophan operons. RNA maturation. Genetic code. Ribosomes: structure and function. Amino acid activation. Protein biosynthesis. Post-translational modifications of proteins. Protein degradation.
Metabolism
General concepts. Energy conversion. Compounds with "energy-rich" bonds. Coupled reactions. Catabolism and anabolism.
Carbohydrate metabolism
General information on the metabolism of carbohydrates. Reactions and enzymes of glycolysis. Thermodynamics of glycolysis. Regulation of glycolysis: regulatory enzymes and their modulators. Lactic and alcoholic fermentation. Catabolism of hexoses other than glucose. Gluconeogenesis. Comparison between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The Cori cycle. Hormonal regulation. Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis. Pentose phosphate pathway reactions and regulation.
Terminal Metabolism
Shuttle systems. Pyruvate dehydrogenase. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle): reactions and regulation. Catabolic and biosynthetic role of the Krebs cycle. Connection between the Krebs cycle and other metabolic pathways. The glyoxylate cycle. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The complexes of the respiratory chain. Coupling between electron flow and oxidative phosphorylation: mechanism of ATP synthase. Mitochondrial transport systems.
Lipid metabolism
Digestion and transport of lipids of the diet. Plasma lipoproteins. Activation of fatty acids. The β-oxidation. Energy balance of the β-oxidation. Oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids of carbon atoms and of unsaturated fatty acids. Ketogenesis and ketone bodies. Fatty acid synthesis. Elongation and unsaturation of fatty acids. Hormonal regulation. Biosynthesis of triglycerides. Biosynthesis of membrane lipids: phospholipids, cholesterol.
Amino acid metabolism
Digestion and absorption of dietary protein. Turnover of intracellular proteins. protein catabolism. Catabolism of amino acids: deamination and transamination. The urea cycle: reactions, enzymes, cellular compartmentalization and regulation. Demolition of the carbon backbone of the amino acids: Aa glucogenic and ketogenic. Amino acids as precursors of biomolecules: biosynthesis of biogenic amines (adrenaline, histamine, GABA); biosynthesis of creatine; biosynthesis and function of glutathione; heme biosynthesis.
Nucleotide metabolism
Biosynthesis and regulation of pyrimidine nucleotides. Recovery of purine bases. Biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
Course program - Last names M-Z
Introduction
Recalls of organic chemistry. Chemical reactivity. Structure and chemical-physical characteristics of the water.
Principles of thermodynamics.
First and second law of thermodynamics. Free energy of a chemical reaction. Exo- and endoergonic reactions. Coupled reactions. Equilibrium constants and rate constants. Chemical kinetics. Collision theory. Transition state theory.
Amino acids and proteins
The aminoacids. The peptide bond. Primary and secondary structure of proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins: tertiary structure. Quaternary structure. Folding and stability of proteins.
Electrophoretic techniques: principles and applications. Isoelectric focusing. Two-dimensional electrophoresis.
Protein function: hemoglobin, immunoglobulins, enzymes
Cooperative binding and efficiency of oxygen transport. Bohr effect. Effect of 2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid. Fetal hemoglobin. Transport of carbon dioxide.
Structure and function of immunoglobulins. Immunoenzymatic techniques: RIA and ELISA assays, western blot, immunohistochemistry.
Principles of catalysis and enzyme kinetics
Factors affecting enzyme activity. Definition of the initial velocity. Michaelis-Menten equation. Meaning of the kinetic parameters KM, Vmax, kcat, kcat / KM. Principles of spectrophotometry and assay of enzymes. Examples of enzyme assays.
Classification of enzymes. Cofactors of enzymes: metal ions and coenzymes. Analysis of the kinetic data. Irreversible and reversible inhibitors. Allosteric enzymes. Characteristics and mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Examples of enzymatic catalysis. Ribonuclease, lysozyme, serine-proteases. Mechanisms of regulation of enzyme activity. Vitamins and coenzymes.
Carbohydrates
Classification: mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides. Chemical and physical properties. Outline of stereoisomerism. Amino sugars. Homo- and etero-polysaccharides. Glycosaminoglycans. Proteoglycans. Glycoproteins.
Lipids and biological membranes
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol.Lipids as intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules. Structure and function of biological membranes. The membrane transport (transporters, pumps and ion channels).
Nucleic acids and genetic information
Nucleosides and nucleotides. DNA: structure and properties. Genes and chromosomes. DNA replication. DNA damage and mutations. Structure and function of messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. The arabinose and tryptophan operons. RNA maturation. Genetic code. Ribosomes: structure and function. Amino acid activation. Protein biosynthesis. Post-translational modifications of proteins. Protein degradation.
Metabolism
General concepts. Energy conversion. Compounds with "energy-rich" bonds. Coupled reactions. Catabolism and anabolism.
Carbohydrate metabolism
General information on the metabolism of carbohydrates. Reactions and enzymes of glycolysis. Thermodynamics of glycolysis. Regulation of glycolysis: regulatory enzymes and their modulators. Lactic and alcoholic fermentation. Catabolism of hexoses other than glucose. Gluconeogenesis. Comparison between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The Cori cycle. Hormonal regulation. Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis. Pentose phosphate pathway reactions and regulation.
Terminal Metabolism
Shuttle systems. Pyruvate dehydrogenase. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle): reactions and regulation. Catabolic and biosynthetic role of the Krebs cycle. Connection between the Krebs cycle and other metabolic pathways. The glyoxylate cycle. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The complexes of the respiratory chain. Coupling between electron flow and oxidative phosphorylation: mechanism of ATP synthase. Mitochondrial transport systems.
Lipid metabolism
Digestion and transport of lipids of the diet. Plasma lipoproteins. Activation of fatty acids. The β-oxidation. Energy balance of the β-oxidation. Oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids of carbon atoms and of unsaturated fatty acids. Ketogenesis and ketone bodies. Fatty acid synthesis. Elongation and unsaturation of fatty acids. Hormonal regulation. Biosynthesis of triglycerides. Biosynthesis of membrane lipids: phospholipids, cholesterol.
Amino acid metabolism
Digestion and absorption of dietary protein. Turnover of intracellular proteins. protein catabolism. Catabolism of amino acids: deamination and transamination. The urea cycle: reactions, enzymes, cellular compartmentalization and regulation. Demolition of the carbon backbone of the amino acids: Aa glucogenic and ketogenic. Amino acids as precursors of biomolecules: biosynthesis of biogenic amines (adrenaline, histamine, GABA); biosynthesis of creatine; biosynthesis and function of glutathione; heme biosynthesis.
Nucleotide metabolism
Biosynthesis and regulation of pyrimidine nucleotides. Recovery of purine bases. Biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
Recalls of organic chemistry. Chemical reactivity. Structure and chemical-physical characteristics of the water.
Principles of thermodynamics.
First and second law of thermodynamics. Free energy of a chemical reaction. Exo- and endoergonic reactions. Coupled reactions. Equilibrium constants and rate constants. Chemical kinetics. Collision theory. Transition state theory.
Amino acids and proteins
The aminoacids. The peptide bond. Primary and secondary structure of proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins: tertiary structure. Quaternary structure. Folding and stability of proteins.
Electrophoretic techniques: principles and applications. Isoelectric focusing. Two-dimensional electrophoresis.
Protein function: hemoglobin, immunoglobulins, enzymes
Cooperative binding and efficiency of oxygen transport. Bohr effect. Effect of 2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid. Fetal hemoglobin. Transport of carbon dioxide.
Structure and function of immunoglobulins. Immunoenzymatic techniques: RIA and ELISA assays, western blot, immunohistochemistry.
Principles of catalysis and enzyme kinetics
Factors affecting enzyme activity. Definition of the initial velocity. Michaelis-Menten equation. Meaning of the kinetic parameters KM, Vmax, kcat, kcat / KM. Principles of spectrophotometry and assay of enzymes. Examples of enzyme assays.
Classification of enzymes. Cofactors of enzymes: metal ions and coenzymes. Analysis of the kinetic data. Irreversible and reversible inhibitors. Allosteric enzymes. Characteristics and mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Examples of enzymatic catalysis. Ribonuclease, lysozyme, serine-proteases. Mechanisms of regulation of enzyme activity. Vitamins and coenzymes.
Carbohydrates
Classification: mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides. Chemical and physical properties. Outline of stereoisomerism. Amino sugars. Homo- and etero-polysaccharides. Glycosaminoglycans. Proteoglycans. Glycoproteins.
Lipids and biological membranes
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol.Lipids as intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules. Structure and function of biological membranes. The membrane transport (transporters, pumps and ion channels).
Nucleic acids and genetic information
Nucleosides and nucleotides. DNA: structure and properties. Genes and chromosomes. DNA replication. DNA damage and mutations. Structure and function of messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. The arabinose and tryptophan operons. RNA maturation. Genetic code. Ribosomes: structure and function. Amino acid activation. Protein biosynthesis. Post-translational modifications of proteins. Protein degradation.
Metabolism
General concepts. Energy conversion. Compounds with "energy-rich" bonds. Coupled reactions. Catabolism and anabolism.
Carbohydrate metabolism
General information on the metabolism of carbohydrates. Reactions and enzymes of glycolysis. Thermodynamics of glycolysis. Regulation of glycolysis: regulatory enzymes and their modulators. Lactic and alcoholic fermentation. Catabolism of hexoses other than glucose. Gluconeogenesis. Comparison between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The Cori cycle. Hormonal regulation. Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis. Pentose phosphate pathway reactions and regulation.
Terminal Metabolism
Shuttle systems. Pyruvate dehydrogenase. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle): reactions and regulation. Catabolic and biosynthetic role of the Krebs cycle. Connection between the Krebs cycle and other metabolic pathways. The glyoxylate cycle. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The complexes of the respiratory chain. Coupling between electron flow and oxidative phosphorylation: mechanism of ATP synthase. Mitochondrial transport systems.
Lipid metabolism
Digestion and transport of lipids of the diet. Plasma lipoproteins. Activation of fatty acids. The β-oxidation. Energy balance of the β-oxidation. Oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids of carbon atoms and of unsaturated fatty acids. Ketogenesis and ketone bodies. Fatty acid synthesis. Elongation and unsaturation of fatty acids. Hormonal regulation. Biosynthesis of triglycerides. Biosynthesis of membrane lipids: phospholipids, cholesterol.
Amino acid metabolism
Digestion and absorption of dietary protein. Turnover of intracellular proteins. protein catabolism. Catabolism of amino acids: deamination and transamination. The urea cycle: reactions, enzymes, cellular compartmentalization and regulation. Demolition of the carbon backbone of the amino acids: Aa glucogenic and ketogenic. Amino acids as precursors of biomolecules: biosynthesis of biogenic amines (adrenaline, histamine, GABA); biosynthesis of creatine; biosynthesis and function of glutathione; heme biosynthesis.
Nucleotide metabolism
Biosynthesis and regulation of pyrimidine nucleotides. Recovery of purine bases. Biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.