CYTOLOGY.
Cell membrane, cytoplasm (organelles and inclusions), nucleus; mitosis, apoptosis.
HISTOLOGY
Epithelia, connective tissues, cartilage, bone, blood, haematopoiesis, muscle tissues, nervous tissue.
EMBRYOLOGY AND ORAL HISTOLOGY.
Gametogenesis, fertilization and early phases of human development; implantation; formation of tissues and of the body plan of the human embryo; derivatives of the germ layers and of mesenchyme; adnexa of the embryo and foetus.
Bani et al, Istologia Umana, Idelson-Gnocchi Editore
Amato et al., Embriologia Umana, Idelson-Gnocchi Editore;
Istologia di Monesi, di Monesi e collaboratori, Piccin editore
Learning Objectives - Last names A-K
Knowledge:
• principles of microscopic technique;
• cells, extracellular metrix , and tissues of the human body;
• steps and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and human development.
Prerequisites - Last names A-K
Propaedeutic knowledges defined by DC council
Teaching Methods - Last names A-K
Lectures
Type of Assessment - Last names A-K
Oral examination consisting in at least threes questions to verify the knowledge of cytology, histology and embryology
Course program - Last names A-K
CYTOLOGY
General features of cells: cell membrane, organelles, hyaloplasm, inclusions; specializations of the cell surface; structure of nucleus, karyokinesis, chromosomes; mechanisms for the homeostasis of cell populations, including apoptosis.
HISTOLOGY
Epithelial tissues: simple (including endothelium), pseudostratified and stratified lining epithelia; exocrine glandular epithelia; endocrine glandular epithelia, non-epithelial endocrine tissues; general features of neuroepithelia.
Connective tissues: extracellular matrix of connective tissues, including basement membrane; autochthonous and blood-derived cells of connective tissues; connective tissues proper; cartilage (all types); bone tissue; osteogenesis.
Blood: red and white blood cells and their life cycle, platelets; fundamentals of myeloid and lymphoid haematopoiesis, features of microscopically identifiable steps.
Muscle tissues: smooth muscle tissue; striated muscle, skeletal and cardiac.
Nervous tissue: neuron; glia; nerve fibers; synapsis; peripheral nerve endings.
EMBRYOLOGY & HISTOLOGY
Ovarian and menstrual cycles, gametes; main control mechanisms of embryo development; first week of human embryo development, from zygotes to blastocysts; implantation; evolution of embryoblast in the second week from conception; third week of human embryo development (formation of primitive germ layers and notochord, organization of body scheme); neural plate, neural tube, neural crest, formtion and evolution of encephalic vesicles; formation and development of surface ectoderm and its derivatives, especially the stomodeum and pharyngeal arches and grooves ectoderm, placodes and their destiny; differentiation of endoderm to form primitive intestine, differentiation of pharyngeal endoderm. Differentiation of embryonal and foetal adnexa (amnios, vitelline sac, allantois, chorion, umbilical cord, placenta); differentiation of mesoderm: paraxial (somitomeres, somites and their evolution), intermediate (nephrotomes and their evolution, excretory units of the urinary system and gonads) and lateral.