B016913 - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Italian

PC: First Level Analysis: blood count, stool and urine.
VES. autoimmune diseases and their markers.
Connective tissue constituents and functions. Mutations in humans.
Hereditary collagenopathies: clinics and molecular diagnosis. Hemostasis. Fibrinolysis. Point of care testing (POCT)
BC: BC: Plasma proteins: definition, causes of alteration in human physiology and pathology, assay methods.
Clinical enzymology: main alterations and assay methods.

-Antonozzi-Gullotta,
Laboratory Medicine –
Piccin 2014, second edition
-Neri-Genuardi
Human and Medical Genetics
Masson, 2014, third edition

-Federici G. et al. Laboratory Medicine – McGraw Hill, Milano

-Laposata, Medicina di Laboratorio Piccin 2011
Nuovo Rasario, Idelson Gnocchi

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Objects of this course are: the knowledge of clinical and first level lab approach to the diagnosis of the main clinical diseases, and the interpretation and the evalutaion of lab parameters underlying these diseases. To learn the types of Human mutations, their mechanisms and effects on protein and diseases. To apply what above described to the knowledge of the inherited connective tissue disorders from the clinical-differential diagnosis, to the molecular diagnosis to the genotype-phenotype correlation.
Study primary and secondary hemostasis with diagnostic techniques and related therapies.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Learning of the clinical relevance of the main laboratory parameters dealing with tissue and organ damage.

Propedeuticity approved by degree course
Main concepts of general biochemistry and metabolism.

frontal lessons and professional formative activities

Multiple choice test with some open questions with more than one potential right answers. No answer is considered a mistake.
Oral examination

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
The Clinical Pathology deals with both innovative techniques in the field of laboratory medicine and rare diseases in the clinics
Laboratory evaluation of autoimmune diseases.
Knowledge of the patterns of laboratory diagnostic approach related to 1 ) classification of the main non-organ specific autoimmune disorders , with particular reference to SLE and AR; 2 ) classification of the main organ specific autoimmune disorders ; 3 ) antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome
Laboratory evaluation of renal diseases and urine analysis .
Knowledge of the patterns of laboratory diagnostic approach related to 1 ) classification of the main pathological renal disorders (nephritic and nephrotic syndromes , renal failure , proteinuria , hematuria) ; 2 ) characteristics of functional tests and primary tests used in the clinic : measurement of glomerular filtration rate , creatinine and urea, urine analysis . Preanalytical and analytical variability . Sensitivity and specificity.
Physical chemical stool test
Knowledge of the patterns of clinical and laboratory diagnostic approach related to 1 ) classification of major changes in the organolectic properties of stools ) ; 2 ) characteristics of the main tests on stools in use in clinical practice with particular reference to the occult blood research in the stools .
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) .
Principle of the test ; mechanisms of alteration of the ESR ; integration between ESR and acute phase proteins ; interpretation of ESR in key clinical settings
Diagnostic molecular genetics.
Grading tests and parameters contained in it; application to diagnostics of various pathologies in the field of heritable disorders of connective tissue. Preanalytical and analytical variability . Sensitivity and specificity. costs
Complete blood count .
Tests and parameters included; physiological variability ; application to the diagnostics of the main pathological blood disorders with special attention to the diagnosis of anemia
Preanalytical and analytical variability . Sensitivity and specificity. Costs
Hemostasis: primary hemostasis; clotting activation , fibrinolytic system and inhibitors of coagulation. Physiopathological characteristics of endothelium and platelets. Clotting and fibrinolytic plasma proteins and the inhibitor of coagulaltion.
Tests of primary and secondary haemostasis. Principles of the tests used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of bleeding and thrombotic disorders and monitoring of antithrombotic therapies . Preanalytical and analytical variability. Sensitivity and specificity. Method principle and execution. Clinical value and result interpretation.
Decentralized Testing (Point of Care Testing- POCT): general principles of a new field of Laboratory Medicine: principal methodologies for hemostasis and clinical chemistry . Method principle and execution. Clinical value and result interpretation.
Tumoral markers: Method principle and execution. Clinical value and result interpretation. . Sensitivity and specificity of methods.
Hydro-electrolytic equilibrium: physiology of corporeal fluids; principal electrolytes, principal function of sodium and potassium; water - sodium metabolism; hydro-electrolytic balance. Glycemic metabolism and diabetes: methods of evaluation, their clinical significance and interpretation.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Quality control in laboratory medicine.Plasmatic proteins assessment and alterations. Protein electrophoresis. Clinical enzymology. Main organ/tissue function and damage markers.Laboratory test for glucose homestasis and non protein azo compounds.