Principles of microscopic technique
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus; karyocinesis, apoptosis.
Epithelia, connective tissue, cartilage, bone, muscle tissue, nervous tissue; blood, haematopoiesis;
Fertilization and early phases of human development; implantation; formation of tissues and of the body plan of the human embryo; derivatives of the germ layers and of mesenchyme; adnexa of the embryo.
Citologia e Istologia
Istologia Umana AAVV Ed. Idelson Gnocchi
Istologia di Monesi Ed. Piccin
Istologia di Rosati, Colombo, Maraldi Ed. Edi Ermes
Embriologia
Embriologia umana AAVV Ed. Idelson Gnocchi
Lo sviluppo prenatale dell’uomo di Moore, Persaud Ed. Edises
Embriologia Umana di Larsen Ed. Idelson Gnocchi
Learning Objectives
Knowledge:
The morphology of the eukaryotic cell, human tissues, stem cells and their activity through theoretical learning of texts and images.
Of elementary and complex cellular mechanisms underlying the development of the human embryo: elementary morphogenetic processes, one-way and mutual induction.
Skills:
• recognition of cells and normal human tissues by means of optical microscopy techniques;
• recognition of the main cellular and extracellular structures in electron micrographs.
Prerequisites
A significant backgruond in chemistry and biology
Teaching Methods
Lectures (including projections of slides of light and electron microscopy) and e-learning through on line available slides.
Type of Assessment
Oral examination.
Course program
Citology
The eucharyotic cell: from protozoa to metazoan. Cell size and shape. Syncytia and plasmodia. Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. The cell membrane: chemical composition: the bilayer : phospholipids and cholesterol, the protein: distribution and mosaic fluid model. The Glicocalyx: chemical composition and functions. Cell membrane functions: i) passive transport, facilitate transport, active transport; ii) endocytosis (receptor mediated, phagocytosis, pinocytosis) exocytosis and membrane recycle. Iii) membrane specializations: apical (microvilli, stereo cilia, cilia); basal (infoldings) and lateral (mechanical and communicant intercellular junctions ).
The cytoplasm:
Cytosol or hyaloplasm chemical properties.
Organelles:
1) The cytoskeleton: the thin filaments or actin filaments or microfilaments in the contractile and no-contractile tissues. Identification under the light or electronic microscope. Chemical composition and associated proteins. Cell localization and functions. The microfilaments in the microvilli and zonulae adherents. In intracellular and cellular movements. The intermediate filaments: chemical composition, structure and cytoplasmic localization. Functions. Identification under the light and electronic microscope.