B026623 - ORTHOPEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY

the course presents the main orthopaedic and traumatic conditions of the muscoloskeletal system

Cabitza P: Ortopedia, seconda Edizione. Società Editrice Esculapio, Bologna, 2013

Cabitza P, Daolio PA: Traumatologia pratica in PS. Società Editrice Esculapio, Bologna, 2011

Armstrong AD, Hubbard MC: Essentials of muscoloskeletal care, 5th edition, AAOS 2015

Egol KA, Koval JK, Zuckerman JD: Handbook of fractures, fifth edition, Wolters Kluver Phyladelphia, 2015

At the end of the course the student will be able to recognize and evaluate the main orthopaedic and traumatic diseases of the muscoloskeletal system. The outline of the presentation includes definition, etiology, clinical evaluation (anamnesis and physical examination), imaging, conservative and surgical treatment, prognosis and possible complications. the aim of the course is to present the material in a simple but comprehensive approach

knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the muscoloskeletal system including bones, joints, muscles, vessels and nerves. A short presentation of these issues is included in the course

frontal lessons with slides and films, practical exercises

oral examination

Traumatology
definition of fracture and dislocation, traumatic mechanism, biomechanics, clinical picture, imaging. Classifications of fractures: descriptive and AO (Association for Osteosynthesis). Traumatic fractures, pathologic fractures, stress fractures, impacted fractures. Healing process of fractures, factors which enhance and delay bone healing. Soft tissue injury in open and closed fractures. Fractures in adults and children: physeal injuries. Principles of treatment of diaphyseal and articular fractures: anatomic and functional reduction. Preliminary (damage control) or definitive treatment. Conservative treatment of fractures: closed reduction, splint, plaster. Surgical treatment: plates and screws, intramedullary nails, external fixators, direct or indirect reduction. Complications: early or late, local or systemic. Sistemic complications: shock (hemorragic, septic, neurogen), fat embolism, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, crush syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction, multiple organ failure, tetanus, gas gangrene. Local complications: arterial injury, peripheral nerve injury, compartment syndrome, delayed union and nonunion, malunion, superficial and deep infection, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, joint stiffness, avascular necrosis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, posttraumatic arthritis, growth disturbances, pressure sore.

Fractures and dislocations of the upper limb:
anatomy of the upper limb
fracture of the clavicula, scapula, and proximal humeral bone
dislocations of sternoclavear, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral joints
fracture of the humeral diaphysis
fracture of the distal humerus
Fractures, dislocations and fracture dislocations of the elbow. Fracture af the olecranon, coronoid, radial head
Fracture of the forarm diaphysis, fracture of Monteggia and Galeazzi
Fracture of the distal radius and ulna
Fracture and fracture-dislocation of the carpal, metacarpal and phalangeal bones

Fractures of the lower limb
Anatomy of the lower limb
Fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum, dislocation of the hip
Fracture of head, neck of femur, pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric
Fracture of the femoral diaphysis
Fracture of the distal femur and tibial plateau
Fracture of the patella and disruptions of the extensor mechanism
Dislocation of the knee
Fracture of the tibia and fibular diaphysis
Pilon and malleolar fracture
Talus, calcaneus, midfoot and forefoot fractures and dislocations

Fractures of the spine
Anatomy of the spine
Fractures and dislocations of rhe cervical spine
Fractures and dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine

Fractures in children
Introduction
Physeal injuries
Fractures of the clavicle, proximal humerus, elbow and forarm
Femoral and tibial fractures

Orthopedics
Introduction, principles of evaluation of the muscoloskeletal system, degenerative arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, seronegative arthropathy, fibromialgia, reflex sympathetic distrophy, cristal deposition disease, deep vein thrombosis andpulmonary embolism, osteoporosis, overuse syndromes, bone tumors, amputations and prostheses of the upper and lower limb

Shoulder
Physical examination of the shoulder
Degenerative and inflammatory arthritis of the shoulder
Subacromial impingement and rotator cuff lesions
Rupture of the long head of the biceps
Frozen shoulder
Traumatic and atraumatic instability of the glenohumeral joint
SLAP lesions
Brachial plexus injuries
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Tumors and orthoses of the shoulder

Elbow
Physical examination of the elbow
Degenerative arthritis of the elbow
Inflammatory arthritis of the elbow
Elbow stiffness
Epicondilitis and epitrocleitis
Olecranic bursitis
Ulnar, radial and median nerve compressio at the elbow
Rupture of the biceps tendon at the elbow

Wrist and hand
Physical examination of the wrist and hand
Degenerative and inflammatory arthritis of the hand and wrist
Rizoarthrosis
De Quervain tenosynovitis
Dupuitrnen’s contracture
Flexor and extensor tendon injuries
Ulnar and radial nerve compression at the elbow
Ulnar and median nerve compression at the wrist

Hip
Physical examination of the hip
Degenerative and inflammatory arthritis of the hip
Oseonecrosis of the femoral head
Congenital dysplasia of the hip
Epiphysiolisis
Perthes disease
Femoroacetabular impingment
Snapping hip
Compresion of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Throcanteric bursitis
Transient onterporosis of the hip

Knee
Physical examination of the knee
Degenerative and inflammatory arthritis of the knee
Meniscal tears
Acute and chronic ligament injuries: ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL
Osteochondritis dissecans
Quadriceps, patellar and zampa d’oca tendinitis
Dysplasia of the extensor mechanism: patellar pain, subluxation and dislocation of the patella
Bursitis at the knee
Iliotibial band friction syndrome
Gastrocnemious muscle injuries
Plyca sindrome
Popliteal cyst

Foot and ankle
Physical examination of the foot and ankle
Gait analysis
Achilles tendon injuries
Degenerative and inflammatory arthritis on the ankle and foot
Instability of the ankle
Hallux rigidus
Hallux valgus
Sesamoiditis
Turf toe
Bunionette
Lesser toe deformities
Flat foot in children and adults
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Tarsal synostosis
Cavus foot
Diabetic foot
Ingrown toenail
Heel pain
Fungal infection of the toenails
Ingrown toenal
Heel pain
fungal infection of the toenails
metatarsalgia
foot orthesis
Morton’s neuroma
Plantar fascitis
Plantar wo
Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Spine
Physical examination of the spine
Cervical radiculopathy
Cervical arthritis
Acute and chronic back pain
Prolapsed intervertebral dics
Spinal stenosis
Metasthases
Scoliosis in adults
Orthese for the spine
Degenerative and istmic spondilolysthesis

Pediatric orthopaedics
Physical examination in children
Anterior knee pain
Back pain
Elbow pain
Foot and ankle pain
Growth pain
Accessory navicular
Calcaneal apophysitis
Cavus foot child abuse
Equinus-varus-supinatus foot
Metatarsus adductus
Neonatal injuries of the brachial plexus
Complex regional pain syndrome
Concussion
Congenital deformities of the upper and lower limbs
Congenital dysplasia of the hip
Discitis
Evaluation of the limping child
Genu varus and valgus
In-toeing and out-toeing
Cifosis and scoliosis
Osgood –Schlatter disease
Osteochondral lesions of the talus
Osteomielitis
Septic arthritis
Seronegative arthritis
Shoes in children
Epiphysiolisis
Spondilolysis and spondilolisthesis
Tarsal synostosis
Torcicollus
Tiptoe walking
Transient synovitis of the hip